Skip to main content

FOREARM X-RAY

The basic projections are A.P and Lateral

➢ Antero posterior (A.P):- The patient is seated along side of the table, with the affected side nearest to the tabletop. The arm is abducted and the elbow joint is fully extended with the forearm resting on the table.

Centering point: - Center to the middle of the cassette or to the mid shaft of the bone.


➢ Lateral: - From the antero posterior position, the elbow is flexed and the humerus is internally rotated to bring the medial aspects of the upper arm, elbow, forearm, wrist and hand in contact with the cassette.


Centering point: - Center to the middle of the cassette or to the mid shaft of the bone.




Essential image characteristics.

The image should demonstrate the radius and ulna, soft tissue outline and part of the wrist and elbow joint.



References:

MIT. Abdussalam A. Madaki and Cowen A.R (2019) Tutorial on the image quality characteristics of radiographic screen film combinations and their measurement, (medical Devices Directorate Evaluation report), MDD/94/34,ALTH.

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

The Skull Anatomy

Learning Objectives For The Skull •  List and identify the bones of the brain case and face • Locate the major suture lines of the skull and name the bones associated with each. • Define sinuses and identify the location of each • Identify the bones and structures that form the nasal septum and nasal conchae, and locate of the hyoid bone •  Identifythe bony openings of the skull Anterior View of the Skull  Lateral View of Skull Bones of the Brain Case Parietal Bone Temporal Bone Frontal Bone Occipital Bone Sphenoid Bone Ethmoid Bone Sutures of the Skull Facial Bones of the Skull Maxillary Bone Palatine Bone Zygomatic Bone Nasal Bone Lacrimal Bone Inferior Nasal Conchae Vomer Bone Mandible Paranasal Sinuses Hyoid Bone The cranium (skull) is the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain. It is subdivided into the facial bones and the brain case, or cranial vault. The facial bones underlie the facial structures, form the nasal cavity, enclose the eyeball

DARKROOM ILLUMINATION

 Darkroom Illumination: - dividend into 2 ordinary white light and safe light. White light is important because of the following  • To inspect and maintain cassette and screens • Cleaning of all work surfaces and floors  • And to services the processors  Sitting of the white light  * Sited close to the ceiling (to avoid casting strong shadow) * Moderate in intensity (60W tungsten or 30W fluorescent) (accommodation easier after safe light) * Centrally place or otherwise  All films get fogged when exposed by the white light  Safe Light  A safe light is a red light bulb situated in a darkroom at a distance of 1.2m (4 ft) off the working surface and use for a processing purpose. And a colored lighting which provides sufficient illumination by which one can handle, manipulate and process film with no significant fogging occurring,  These ensure loading and unloading of x-ray cassette much easier and provides pleasant working condition for the personal. No safe light is completely safe; - be

WRIST X-RAY

The basic projections are P.A and Lateral  ➢ Postero anterior (P.A):- The patient is seated along side the table with the affected side in contact with the cassette. Flexed the elbow joint and the arm is abducted, so that the anterior aspects of the forearm and the palm of the hand should be in contact with the cassette. The fingers are slightly separated to bring the anterior aspects of the wrist in contact to the cassette. Centering point: - Center mid way between the median and lateral styloid process.  ➢ Lateral: - from the postero anterior the wrist is rotated externally to bring palm of the hand vertically, the hand is rotated externally slightly further to ensure that the radial and styloid process are superimposed. Centering point: - Center to the lateral styloid process. Radiological consideration, The radiograph should demonstrate the all of the carpal bones clear and part of the metacarpal and forearm. References: MIT. Abdussalam A. Madaki and Cowen A.R (2019) Tutorial on th