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HAND X-RAY

The basic projections are P.A and Lateral,

➢ Postero anterior (Dorsi-palmar P.A):- The patient is seated along side the table, the forearm is placed pronated on the table with the palmar surface of the hand in contact with the cassette. With the fingers slightly separated and extended to ensure that they remain in contact to the cassette.

Centering point: - Center to the head of the third metacarpopalangeal joint.


➢ Dorsi-palmar oblique: - From the PA position the patient will now rotate his/her hand approximately 45° degrees,

➢ Another modified 15° degrees,

Centering point: - Center to the 4th metacarpal bone.





Essential image characteristics,

The image should demonstrate the bones clearly and soft tissue outline no rotation or motion.

References:

MIT. Abdussalam A. Madaki and Cowen A.R (2019) Tutorial on the image quality characteristics of radiographic screen film combinations and their measurement, (medical Devices Directorate Evaluation report), MDD/94/34,ALTH.

 

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WRIST X-RAY

The basic projections are P.A and Lateral  ➢ Postero anterior (P.A):- The patient is seated along side the table with the affected side in contact with the cassette. Flexed the elbow joint and the arm is abducted, so that the anterior aspects of the forearm and the palm of the hand should be in contact with the cassette. The fingers are slightly separated to bring the anterior aspects of the wrist in contact to the cassette. Centering point: - Center mid way between the median and lateral styloid process.  ➢ Lateral: - from the postero anterior the wrist is rotated externally to bring palm of the hand vertically, the hand is rotated externally slightly further to ensure that the radial and styloid process are superimposed. Centering point: - Center to the lateral styloid process. Radiological consideration, The radiograph should demonstrate the all of the carpal bones clear and part of the metacarpal and forearm. References: MIT. Abdussalam A. Madaki and Cowen A.R (2019) Tutor...
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